Row gardens are among the most common vegetable plantings. In sites where good, rich soil is found naturally on a level site with good sun exposure and shelter from wind, your garden may be dug directly into the soil.
Vegetables benefit when they have sufficient room to grow.
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
If you’re preparing a vegetable garden plot in soil that was formerly used to grow turfgrass lawn or landscape plants, you’ll need to remove all of the turf and plant roots first, then loosen the soil at least 18 inches deep. (Many vegetable plants have root systems that send down shoots even deeper than that, but the majority of all beneficial soil microbes are found in the topsoil layer. Their digestion releases minerals that your vegetables need to grow and thrive, and loosening the soil greatly increases both their numbers and production.)
Take the time to lay out your beds using careful measurements. While free-form beds can be attractive, rectangular beds are neat and orderly. (To ensure the sides are equal and parallel, make sure the corner diagonals are equal.) Allow ample space between plots for access paths; temporary access can be made easier by laying planks alongside your rows, while all the permanent paths should be large enough to provide easy passage for wagons, wheelbarrows or garden carts.
What you grow depends on how you prepare your plot for planting. Some crops (like carrots) should be grown flat on the ground, while others (like vining plants) should planted in hills (or mounded areas). Prepare for planting by making the appropriate flat areas to sow scattered seed (or plant your starter plants), or raising hills or forming rows for your other crops. Use a spade, hoe and rake to create the type of planting area you need, and follow these steps shown in each pair of photographs and described in their captions.
Preparing Areas for Beds
Preparing Areas for Beds – Step 1
Plant carrots, leafy greens and radishes in flat areas. Loosen the soil with a spade, breaking any clods and removing all debris.
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
Preparing Areas for Beds – Step 2
Work the bed’s soil thoroughly with a hoe, then smooth and level the bed using the back of a garden rake, working at right angles to the original direction.
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
Preparing Hills
Preparing Hills – Step 1
Plant vine plants in hills. Loosen the soil using a spade, breaking up any clods and removing rocks and debris.
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
Preparing Hills – Step 2
Use a hoe to raise a hill 1 foot higher than the level of the surrounding soil and 12-14 inches wide. Surround the hill with a moat. (This will serve as a watering basin for the plants.)
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
Preparing Rows
Preparing Rows – Step 1
Plant vegetables like bush peas or beans in rows. Loosen the soil using a shovel or spade, breaking any clods and removing rocks and debris.
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
Preparing Rows – Step 2
Use a hoe to raise a row 3-4 inches higher than the surrounding soil and 4-6 inches wide, then dig parallel watering furrows on both sides of the row.
Photo Credit: ©2002 Dolezal Publishing/John M. Rickard
