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Hard Freeze in Spring = Hard Times for the Garden

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Damaged lace leaf Japanese maple
Photo Credit: Bosh Bruening
This lace leaf Japanese maple has seen better – and warmer – days.
Much of the US has experienced an unexpected and late freeze this April, and gardeners are asking what they should do now to repair the damage. The Learn2Grow forum dedicated to Problem Solvers has been very active recently with questions about injuries to mature trees, shrubs, perennials, vines, bulbs and other garden plants. When DJ in Kentucky asked how his drooping perennials, wilted-leaved mature trees and browned-out wisteria vine would fair both in the short- and long-term, I didn’t have a clear-cut answer. There just isn’t much that any of us can do about this freakish weather.

I relayed to DJ what steps I took before and during the freeze in my own Zone 5 garden: I made sure that all my tender potted plants were either protected from the elements or brought inside, and I watered well (because cold spells often do the most damage to plant tissue through drawing out the water) – and I kvetched about it.

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Frost damaged hydrangea
Photo Credit: Bosh Bruening
Can you spot the damaged hydrangea in this picture?
Then I suggested to DJ that he employ the gardener’s best friend: patience.

“We’ll lose quite a bit of bloom this year, no doubt,” I replied in the forum. “You’ll have to wait until late spring and do some judicious pruning to any outer branches that died. (I had to do this for my mother’s Japanese maple last year.) The majority of your perennials will be more forgiving than you think – but you may have to do some judicious pruning on them later this spring. Will you completely lose plants? Probably not. But I have a young ‘Jane’ magnolia that I may lose because it wasn’t acclimated for long before the cold spell. (I just planted it a day before the temperatures dropped 44 degrees in one day.)”

Warnings
  • Always be aware of the last frost-free date in your area. (For me, it’s May 15 and I stick to that – even if the weather is unusually warm prior to the date. Only then do I plant tender annuals in the ground and bring my houseplants outside.) You must still be vigilant in case of a freakish freeze!
Tips
  • For those of you in bluegrass and lawn fescue regions, don’t fret if you have new “white spots” in your lawn that appeared right after the severe cold snap. These are caused from mowing rather tall grass just before the extreme cold. The tender new grass just “froze,” and it’ll grow out of it. Remember to keep your mower blades sharp to make nice clean cuts on the grass once you mow again.
Tools
  • While you’re waiting to assess the damage to your plants, make sure your hand pruners and loppers are clean and sharp – in other words, ready for action!
Definitions
  • Judicious Pruning: A careful, deliberate approach to pruning off what’s dead and not pruning off what’s alive. (If you’re not sure if a part of your plant is dead or alive, lightly scratch the stem with your fingernail and look for green underneath.)
 
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