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Propagation Basics

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Okara seeds
Photo Credit: Megan Bame
If okra is left on the plant through fall, the “fruit” dries out. The pod eventually splits, and the gardener can gather the seed for next year’s crop.
“Propagation” is a big word to the amateur gardener, but it’s actually a simple concept, and once you understand the basics, experimenting with different propagation techniques can become a hobby in itself!

In simple terms, “propagate” means to take some part of a “parent” plant to produce new “baby” plants. There are two primary forms of propagation: sexual and asexual. (Don’t worry, we’ll keep this G-rated.)

Sexual propagation generally refers to generating more plants by seed, which is naturally produced by the “parent” plant. In the case of most fruits and vegetables, the seed is found inside the fleshy fruit – think of watermelons, cucumbers, tomatoes and oranges. But you may not have considered that nuts and grains are seeds, too. Peanuts, almonds, oats and wheat are seeds that contain all the genetic information required to become a plant. If you dry the seed and plant it the following year, you should be able to grow a plant similar to the original. Propagating by seed is probably the most familiar form of plant propagation.

Asexual propagation is also referred to as “vegetative propagation.” Where the seed is actually part of the plant’s reproductive system, vegetative propagation uses plant parts that aren’t typically part of the reproductive system – like the leaves, stems and roots. Vegetative propagation produces a clone of the parent plant, and it consists of several techniques using the various plant parts. (And different plants respond well to different techniques.)

Warnings
  • Some plants are patented, raising legal questions about propagation. Generally speaking, it’s OK to propagate patented plants for personal use; however, you cannot sell the propagated material for commercial gain without paying royalties to the patent holder.
Tips
  • Some plants produce a seedpod where the seed dries on the plant. The plant depends on birds or other animals to disperse this seed, but the attentive gardener can collect the seedpods first to save for next year’s garden.
  • Some plants that produce seed are easier to propagate vegetatively. This is especially true for trees and shrubs. (In the time it takes for a seed to germinate, a 3-inch cutting could already be rooted and ready to branch out.)
 
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    Small wood flats make sprouting seed easy – and they’re more decorative than ugly plastic flats. Here’s how you can make your own.
  • Quick and Easy Fern Propagation
    Ferns are the poster child of plant reproduction via spores, but there’s an easier, faster method to grow your own. (Even better, caring for baby ferns is almost as easy as harvesting them!)
  • Learn How to Air Layer
    Typically done in early spring, air layering is a great way to propagate – especially if you’ve got difficult-to-root plants. Not only is it easy to do, chances are you’ve already got all the supplies you need just lying around the house.
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