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How to Harvest Seed

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Collecting Seed Pods
Photo Credit: Jennifer Manning
These ripened seedpods of Aquilegia canadensis (columbine) are ready for harvesting.
If you’re looking for a way to add more of your favorite plants to your garden or you’d simply like to share them with friends and family, harvesting seed is the easiest and least expensive way to go. Don’t be intimidated – it’s not hard. You just need a little know-how before you begin.

The flower is just the beginning of our seed-collecting story. Blooms are actually the precursors to the seedpods, which are what we need to collect seed. So if you want to propagate your favorite plants, don’t remove the spent flowers. Instead, let nature take its course, and keep an eye out for seedpod development.

Different plants produce seed in different forms. Sometimes they’re encased in fruit and can be collected when the fruit is allowed to dry. Other seeds develop in a papery pod after the bloom fades. Seed heads need to be collected before these pods naturally release the seed.

“And when,” you may ask, “will they do that?”

The seedpod will turn brown and papery-looking. And when the stem begins to turn brown, the seed head is about ready to open up and release the seed. Now here’s where we get to work…

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Paper Bag
Photo Credit: Jennifer Manning
Mark your paper bag with the name of the plant, where it was collected in your garden and the date.
Gathering seeds is the first step, and all you’ll need for this is a pair of scissors and a paper bag. Snip off the seedpods that are beginning to open from the natural drying process, and gently place them upside down in your paper bag. Be sure to mark the bag with the name of the plant, the location in your garden where you harvested the seeds from, and the date. This’ll help you remember where you collected the seed, and help with your notes on propagating success, too. (It’s good to make notes, so in the future you’ll know which plants do well, as well as which ones not to bother collecting from next time.)
Tips
  • Gather seeds from the healthiest plants in your garden that you enjoy for whatever reason. As you add to the layers in your garden with your newly propagated plants, you can begin to eliminate the ones that aren’t so healthy or don’t bloom well.
  • Many garden clubs sponsor plant sales where they sell locally collected seeds. You can get some unusual plants that’ll do well in your area because the plants have been grown right where you live.
Facts
  • Not all plants are suited for seed propagation. Some do better by other propagation methods, like root cuttings or grafting.
  • Not all plants can be reproduced “true to type” by seed, and many cultivar and hybrid seeds are sterile and can’t germinate. Cultivars and hybrids are commercially bred and may revert to the parent plants with seed propagation.
Resources
  • Want to know more about which plants work best for seed propagation? Dive into American Horticultural Society Plant Propagation: The Fully Illustrated Plant-by-Plant Manual of Practical Techniques by Alan Toogood (DK Adult Publishing), or Making More Plants: The Art, Science, and Joy of Propagation by Ken Druse (Clarkson Potter).
 
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