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Cornus mas (The Name Says it All)

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Dr. Gerald Klingaman

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Cornus mas
Photo Credit: Gerald Klingaman
Cornelian cherry blooms early, so locate it where the flowers can be inspected and enjoyed up close.
With the arrival of spring come the first tentative blossoms. For trees, the earliest flowers come from the red maples and Cornelian cherries. These early bloomers begin their show about two weeks before the always-early deciduous magnolias.

Despite what its name may suggest, Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) isn’t a cherry tree at all – it’s a type of dogwood. Though not especially common, it’s easy to grow and makes a good show, given that competition is scarce in February and early March. It’s native to southern Europe and central Asia.

All plants have a plethora of names associated with them, and tracing back the derivation of each is an interesting exercise when the weather is too foul for gardening. With regard to Cornelian cherry, the name “cornelian” is an adaptation of “cornel,” the name used by the Romans for this tree. The Latin word “cornu” describes hard and tough objects, such as the horn of a goat. From this root word we get “cornea” (due to the toughness of the lens of the eye), “cornet” (the shape of the instrument resembles the trunk shape) and Cornus, which Carolus Linnaeus, founder of the “binomial system of nomenclature,” used when he established the genus name for dogwoods.

The species epitaph “mas” is a Latin prefix meaning “strong,” a reference to the hard, tough wood of the species. This prefix is used in the word “masculine;” in fact, in some writings, Linnaeus used the Latin name Cornus mascula for Cornelian cherry, but he used C. mas first, so that’s the official name.

The etymology of the word “dogwood,” used for our native C. florida, is not completely clear. One possibility is that it comes from the Middle English word “dag,” referring to a wooden spit made from a shrubby dogwood native to England. These spits were sold on the streets for cooking meat over an open flame.

Facts
  • Latin is used as the official language for plant names because it was the universally understood language during the middle of the 18th century, when Carolus Linnaeus developed the “binomial system of nomenclature” for plants and animals.
  • The epitaph “florida” translates from Latin as “beautiful” and has no connection to the Sunshine State.
Definitions
  • Binomial: A name with two parts. In botanical parlance, the first name is the generic name, the second is the species epitaph. Both names together are the species name.
Resources
  • Stearn’s Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners by William T. Stearn (Timber Press) is a good general reference explaining the derivation of plant names.
 
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  • Welcoming Spring With Cornelian Cherry
    Greet spring with the early flower show of Cornelian cherry. Blooming two weeks earlier than most other flowering trees, this small and easy-to-grow dogwood makes a giant impact in the late winter/early spring garden.
  • What's in a Name?
    Ever wonder how plants get those long, weird scientific names? Here's a brief explanation as to why and how plants are identified the way that they are.
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