James H. Schutte
Family
Campanulaceae
Botanical Name
Campanula
Plant Common Name
Bellflower
General Description
The genus Campanula encompasses approximately 300 species which occur in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, primarily in southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. Commonly known as bellflowers, these amazingly versatile plants occupy a wide variety of habitats, from alpine areas and woodlands to grasslands and rocky crevices. They may be annual, perennial or biennial and exist in a variety of shapes and sizes, from mat-forming to tall, upright forms. All have alternate, sometimes toothed leaves which are usually held on long petioles (leaf stems), and may vary in shape and size on the same plant. Showy, tubular to open, bell-shaped flowers in shades of blue, violet, pink or white usually bloom in late spring, often extending well into summer.
This large and diverse group has yielded a tremendous number of hybrids and cultivars, and there is a bellflower for just about any temperate garden situation. Hardiness, light, and water requirements vary according to plant type, but bellflowers are usually easy to grow if given the right conditions. In general, most prefer full to part sun and moist but well-drained, neutral to alkaline soil of average fertility. Plants may be propagated by division, and may also self-sow if allowed, which is sometimes considered a benefit. Otherwise, plants should be cut back after flowering to prevent re-seeding and maintain a neat appearance.
Uses for bellflowers are as varied as the species and varieties. Alpine types are ideal for rock gardens or tumbling out of gaps in stone retaining wall, while tall, upright varieties are ideal for mixed borders, and make excellent cut flowers. One species, Campanula rapunculus or rampion, is even grown as an annual vegetable. The leaves of some bellflowers are a food source for the larvae of many butterflies, which are also attracted to the colorful, cool-toned flowers, as are bees and hummingbirds. Whether a dainty miniature or a stately, upright form, bellflowers are an indispensible staple in gardens throughout the world.
Ornamental Features
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Flower Interest
Showy
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Fruit Color
Brown
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Evergreen
Semi-Evergreen
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Showy Bark
No
Special Characteristics
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Sharp or Has Thorns
No
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Invasive
Sometimes
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Self-Sowing
Yes
