Carol Cloud Bailey
Family
Rutaceae
Botanical Name
CITRUS sinensis 'Hamlin'
Plant Common Name
Hamlin Orange, Orange
General Description
A day without orange juice is like a day without sunshine and many people agree. The juice of sweet oranges has become a dietary staple of millions worldwide. No trees of Citrus sinensis exist in the wild today, but probably originated in China, northeastern India, and southeastern Asia. They were eventually moved along Asian trade routes to Africa, the Mediterranean and Europe where those of wealthy means established orangeries. Spaniards brought oranges with them to South America in the 1500s and from there they were introduced to the United States on several occasions. Today, this luscious fruit is grown commercially and in backyards in warm, subtropical regions the world over.
Sweet orange trees are medium to large, evergreen and have rounded crowns covered with glossy, elliptical, fragrant leaves occasionally with slightly winged stems and minute teeth along the edges. The branches sometimes have flexible, blunt thorns. Flowers appear from winter to spring and may be single or clustered. In bud they are red or purple-hued and open to reveal white fragrant blooms that are highly attractive to honeybees, which produce orange blossom honey.
The cultivar ‘Hamlin’ is an old cultivar from around 1879. It produces medium to small-sized, round fruit with thin, yellow to orange skin. The flesh is pale, juicy, flavorful and has few or no seeds. The fruit ripens early into winter. Medium-sized trees have an upright habit, are vigorous, productive and cold hardy.
Hamlin orange trees prefer locations with warm, dry winters, and cool summers; they will tolerate temperatures a few degrees below freezing for only a few hours. They require full sun and are tolerant of most soils, even poor soils, with ample drainage. Though moderately drought tolerant once established, they must have regular applications of water for good fruit production. Regular fertilization is also required as they are heavy feeders. The trees are generally self-pruning and only require removal of water sprouts, low branches and damaged or crossing limbs. Orange trees need plenty of space for their crowns to grow. They are grafted on to rootstocks, which impart tolerances to soils, pests and climate conditions.
The whole of the orange tree is usable. The fruit is used culinarily and medicinally, the wood for furniture, the pulp for animal feed and the oil from the skin is extracted and used industrially, for cleaning, as a pesticide and to scent everything from soap to perfume. Plant sweet orange in tubs or as conservatory specimens where not hardy and in the home orchard for the versatile, tasty fruit and to attract the North America giant swallowtail butterfly which uses this and other citrus as larval food.
