David Eickhoff, Flickr Contributor
Family
Myrtaceae
Botanical Name
METROSIDEROS collina
Plant Common Name
'Ohi'a Lehua, Ohi'a, Vunga
General Description
Behold one of the Hawaiian Islands' most magnificent native plants! Ohi'a is a highly variable broadleaf evergreen. Its habit varies depending on the environment; in arid mountainous habitats it grows as a low, prostrate shrub but in lush volcanic tropical rainforests is becomes a large, upright, rounded tree. The valuable wood of ohi'a was traditionally held sacred by the Hawaiian people and used to carve images of war gods and temple icons. Today, its bright red flowers are made into leis. Ohi'a is native to many central and southwestern Pacific Islands.
The evergreen leaves of ohi'a are oval-shaped, leathery and gray-green with contrasting yellow veins and leaf petioles (stems). When they first emerge they have a felty, silvery-gray covering. Plants can bloom as often as three times a year, producing the lushest flowering displays in midsummer and in winter. Felted white buds occur in dense clusters on the branch tips and open to reveal long, whisker-like stamens of scarlet. The blooms produce rich nectar vital for Hawaii's native honeycreeper birds. There are eight naturally-occurring varieties of ohi'a across Hawaii, which produce yellow, orange, salmon or pink flowers. Leathery capsules filled with tiny seeds follow pollination. The trees' rugged-looking trunk is covered in dark sooty gray bark that forms cracks or scaly plates. When young, the tree's bark is smooth and lighter gray.
Grow ohi'a in sunny, frost-free gardens with fertile loam on the acid side. Its growth rate is fairly slow, but it will grow a bit faster if provided supplemental magnesium. This tough tropical is tolerant of heat, drought and salt spray, even surviving on volcanic slopes where noxious gases escape from the ground. Plant ohi'a as a seaside specimen shrub or garden tree. It may also be grown in a large planter or trained as bonsai.
This species has become vulnerable in its native habitats as development expands and exotic plant species invade, so refrain from harvesting wild plants. Many cultivated varieties are available.
The attractive cultivar, 'Springfire', is a large landscape shrub that bears orange-red flowers, and the dwarf 'Fiji' reaches knee height and has copper-colored new foliage and red flowers.
Characteristics
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AHS Heat Zone
12 - 7
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USDA Hardiness Zone
10 - 13
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Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 23, 24
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Plant Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
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Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
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Height
15'-100' / 4.6m - 30.5m (40)
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Width
10'-50' / 3.0m - 15.2m (30)
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Bloom Time
Spring, Summer, Winter, Indeterminate
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Native To
Hawaii, Micronesia, Polynesia
Growing Conditions
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Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
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Soil Drainage
Well Drained
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Soil type
Loam
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Tolerances
Pollution, Drought, Salt
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Growth Rate
Slow
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Water Requirements
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
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Habit
Oval/Rounded
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Seasonal Interest
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Ornamental Features
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Flower Interest
Showy
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Flower Color
Red, Salmon, Crimson, Orange Red, Dark Salmon
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Fruit Color
Sandy Brown
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Foliage Color (Spring)
Green, Gray Green, Silver, Gray
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Foliage Color (Summer)
Green, Gray Green, Silver, Gray
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Foliage Color (Fall)
Green, Gray Green
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Foliage Color (Winter)
Green, Gray Green, Silver, Gray
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Bark Color
Gray, Slate Gray
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Fragrant Flowers
No
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Fragrant Fruit
No
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Fragrant Foliage
Yes
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Bark or Stem Fragrant
Yes
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Flower Petal Number
Single
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Repeat Bloomer
Yes
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Showy Fruit
No
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Edible Fruit
No
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Showy Foliage
Yes
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Foliage Texture
Medium
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Foliage Sheen
Glossy
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Evergreen
Yes
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Showy Bark
Yes
Special Characteristics
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Bark Texture
Platy
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Usage
Container, Cutflower, Feature Plant, Mixed Border, Shade Trees, Street Trees, Topiary / Bonsai / Espalier, Tropical
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Sharp or Has Thorns
No
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Invasive
No
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Attracts
Birds, Hummingbirds
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Self-Sowing
Yes
